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Maple V can factor univariate polynomials over the rationals
and more generally, algebraic number fields, and also finite fields.
For example, the polynomial 
, which is irreducible
over 
, factors over 
as
> factor(x^8-8,2^(1/4));
Release 2 includes factorization of multivariate
polynomials over any algebraic number or algebraic function field.
E.g. a factorization over 
> factor( y^4-2*x*y^2-x^2, sqrt(2) );
Other facilities of Maple that exploit these new facilities for
algebraic functions include integration, symbolic eigenvalues and
eigenvectors, solution of systems of equations etc.